Examining the Factors Increasing Money Laundering Vulnerabilities in Pakistan’s Financial Sector

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Volume 6 Issue 2, 2025

Author(s):

Muhammad Raghib Zafar (Corresponding Author)
KASBIT, Karachi, Pakistan
raghib@kasbit.edu.pk

Abdul Basit
KASBIT, Karachi, Pakistan
basit@kasbit.edu.pk

Syed Kamal Hayder Kazmi
KASBIT, Karachi, Pakistan
kamal.wins14@gmail.com

Muhammad Yasin
NBP Exchange Company Limited, Pakistan
m.yasin@nbecl.com.pk

Abstract The study is conducted in order to explore the factors enhancing the probability of money laundering in financial institutions of Pakistan. For this, individuals working in financial institutions mostly working in compliance department who understand the phenomenon of money laundering is contacted. Total seven variable is included in the study, one is dependent variable (i.e., money laundering) while six variables are independent (i.e., customer due diligence, employee training, internal control and policies, record keeping, suspicious transaction reporting and usage of technology). The data is gathered in understanding of demographic features such as age, gender, education, and working experience. A sample of total 223 respondents were tested through Smart PLS. Algorithm, Blindfolding and Bootstrapping was run to check the variables consistency, reliability, regression, Q statistics and hypothesis were tested. It is concluded in the study that factors including customer due diligence, employee training, suspicious transaction reporting, and usage of technology are not enhancing whilst and of greater concern are the findings that internal control policies and record keeping are enhancing the probability of money laundering in financial institution of Pakistan. Adequate measures from regulator is needed to make regulations more stringent to control the menace of money laundering activities within financial institutions effectively.
Keywords Money Laundering (ML), Customer Due Diligence (CDD), Record Keeping (RK), Suspicious Transaction Reporting (STR), Internal Control Policies (ICP), Technology, Employee Training
Year 2025
Volume 6
Issue 2
Type Research paper, manuscript, article
Recognized by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, HEC
Category "Y"
Journal Name ILMA Journal of Social Sciences & Economics
Publisher Name ILMA University
Jel Classification -
DOI
ISSN no (E, Electronic) 2790-5896
ISSN no (P, Print) 2709-2232
Country Pakistan
City Karachi
Institution Type University
Journal Type Open Access
Manuscript Processing Blind Peer Reviewed
Format PDF
Paper Link http://ijsse.ilmauniversity.edu.pk/arc/Vol6./pdf/v2/2.pdf